Single-use or reusable: a Life Cycle Assessment challenges preconceived notions

According to a new European study published by EPPA (European Paper Packaging Alliance) in January 2021:

single-use paper and cardboard packaging used in fast food is the best environmental choice.
This Life Cycle Assessment, conducted by the international firm Ramboll and certified by TÜV (according to ISO 14040 and 14044 standards), comprehensively evaluated two “systems” – single-use and reusable – with all their impacts, across multiple criteria and scenarios, for 24 different types of items used in fast food, based on the average needs of a European dine-in restaurant.

Among the items studied, the single-use paper cup was compared with reusable alternatives made of ceramic, glass, metal and plastic, with different internal and external washing options.

The paper cup has a reduced environmental impact.
Paper and cardboard packaging shows a significantly lower impact on 5 out of the 9 criteria evaluated! The environmental impact of reusable tableware is heavily affected by water consumption and the energy required to wash and dry the items.